ïŒïŒã¬ãã¿ãªã¢ã³çš®æã®æŽå²
ãããŠãLacertaã®äž»åŒµã«ããã°ã圌ãç¬è«é¡çš®æã¯ã人é¡ã®èµ·æºãããåã®å€ªå€ã®æ代ããããã®å°çã«äœãã§ããçš®æã§ãããšèšãã®ã§ããã§ã¯ãã®æŽå²ãšã¯ã©ããã£ããã®ãªã®ããLacertaã®è¿°ã¹ãŠããäºãèŠãŠã¿ãããšæããŸãã
3-1ïŒæç«ã®å€§éçµ¶æ» ã«ã€ããŠ
ããããç¬è«é¡çš®æã®èµ·æºã¯ãæç«ã«ãã£ããšLacertaã¯è¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã
ãçŽ6500äžå¹Žåãæç«ã®çš®æããã®ç§ãã¡ã®æªçãªç¥å ã®å€ãã¯ã倧ããªäžçå€åã§äº¡ããªããŸãããã
ãããŸç§ãã¡ã®å€ä»£å²ã®ç解ã§ã¯ãçŽ6500äžå¹Žåã«æç«ãçµ¶æ» ãããšèšãããŠããããã®çµ¶æ» ã®çç±ã¯äžå€®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãŠã«ã¿ã³å島ã«å·šå€§éç³ãèœäžããäºãåå ã ãšèšãããŠããŸãããããLacertaã¯ãã®çµ¶æ» ã®çç±ã«ã€ããŠã¯å¥ã®çç±ããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã
ããã®å€§ããªäžçå€åã®çç±ã¯ãèªç¶çœå®³ïŒç§åŠè ã誀ã£ãŠä¿¡ããŠãããããªå°ææã®è¡çªïŒã§ã¯ãªããäž»ã«ææã®è»éãšé«å±€å€§æ°ã§èµ·ãã£ã2ã€ã®æµå¯Ÿçãªç°æ人ã°ã«ãŒãéã®æŠäºã§ãããããçš®æã¯ããªãã®çš®æã®ããã«äººåã§ããïŒãããããªãæ¹ããã¯ããã«å€ãïŒä»ã®ãã®å®å®ããã®ãã®ã§ãããä»æ¥ããªããæ座ã§ã¯ãããããªã³ããšåŒãã§ããæ座ã®å€ªéœç³»ããæ¥ããã®ã§ãããä»ã®çš®æïŒç§ãã¡ãããŸãç¥ããªãïŒã¯ç¬è«é¡ã®çš®æã§ããããå€éšã®åœ±é¿ãåããã«åºèº«æç³»ã®ãã«ã²ããé²åããçš®æã®ããïŒç§ãã¡ã«ããç§ãã¡èªèº«ã®éºäŒåã®æäœã®æåãé€ããŠïŒããããã¯ç§ãã¡èªèº«ã®çš®æãšã¯äœã®é¢ä¿ããããŸãããïŒããã«ã€ããŠã¯åŸã§è©³ãã説æããŸããïŒã
ãLacertaã¯ãã®æç«ã®çµ¶æ» ã®åå ã¯ãç°æ人ã°ã«ãŒãéã®æŠäºã«ãã£ãŠåŒãèµ·ãããããã®ã§ãã£ãŠã巚倧éç³ã®èœäžã«ããæ²åã§ã¯ç¡ããšèšãã®ã§ããããã¯ä¿ãã«ä¿¡ããäºãåºæ¥ãŸããã
ãããããæç«çµ¶æ» ã®ä»®èª¬ã®è£ä»ããšããŠã¯ãçŸåšã®ã¡ãã·ã³ã®ãŠã«ã¿ã³å島ã«çºèŠããã巚倧ãªã¯ã¬ãŒã¿ãŒãšãæç«çµ¶æ» æã®å°å±€ã«ã¯ãå°çäžã«ã¯å°éããååšããªãã€ãªãžãŠã ãšããå çŽ ãå€ãäºããŸãé«å§åããªããšåºæ¥ãªãç³è±ããã€ã€ã¢ã³ããèŠãããäºããã仮説ãšããŠæåèŠãããŠããã®ã§ããããããã®æ²åãéç³ã§ã¯ãªããç°æ人éã®æŠäºã«ããåŒãèµ·ãããããšèšãã®ã§ããLacertaã®è©±ã®ç¶ããèŠãŠã¿ãŸãã
ãæåã®çš®æïŒãã¥ãŒããã€ãåïŒã¯ç¬è«é¡çš®æãæ¥ãçŽ150幎åã«å°çã«å°éãã以åã®å€§éžã«ããã€ãã®ã³ãããŒãæ§ç¯ããŸãããããªããä»æ¥ãå極ããšåŒã¶å€§éžã«ã¯å€§ããªã³ãããŒããããå¥ã®å€§éžã«ãã³ãããŒããããŸããããããä»æ¥ã§ã¯ãã¢ãžã¢ããšåŒãã§ããŸããããã§ã®äººã ã¯ãå°çäžã®ãã«ã²ãåç©ãšå ±ã«åé¡ãªãäœãã§ããŸããã
ããããšããé«åºŠãªç¬è«é¡ã®çš®æããã®ææã«å°ãããããããªã³ãããæ¥ã人åã®å ¥æ€è ã¯å¹³åçã«éä¿¡ããããšããŸãããã圌ãã¯æåãããæ°ã¶æ以å ã«äžç倧æŠãå§ãŸããŸããããã®äºã«ã€ããŠãããªãæ¹ã¯äž¡æ¹ã®çš®ã圌ã®çç©åŠãšæªéçºã®çš®æã§ãã£ãããã§ã¯ãªãããã äžã€ã®çç±ã®ããã«ã圌ãã¯ãã®è¥ãææã«èå³ãæã£ãŠããããšãç解ããªããã°ãªããŸããïŒåææãç¹ã«é ã§ãã
ãé ã¯ãããã€ãã®äžå®å®ãªææãšäžç·ã«ãçŽè§ã«é«ãé»ç£å Žãèªå°ãããšæ°ããå®å®ããå çŽ ãçæã§ãããããäžéšã®é«åºŠãªçš®æã«ãšã£ãŠïŒä»æ¥ã§ãïŒéåžžã«éèŠãªææã§ããããšãç¥ã£ãŠããå¿ èŠããããŸããé ã¯å€åããå Žã®äº€å·®ãçæããããã«é«ãæ žæŸå°å Žãæã€ã®ã§ãã
ãäž¡æ¹ã®çš®æã¯ãææå°çã®é ãç¬å ããããšæã£ãŠããŸããããããŠãã®çç±ã®ããã«åœŒãã¯å®å®ãšè»éäžã§ããã»ã©é·ããªãæŠäºãæŠããŸããããã¥ãŒããã€ãçš®æã¯æåã¯åå©ããããã«èŠããŸããããæåŸã®æŠãã§ç¬è«é¡çš®æã¯åŒ·åãªå®éšå µåšã䜿çšããããšã決å®ããŸãã-ææã®çåœäœãç Žå£ããã貎éãªåææã®é ãå·ã€ããªãç¹å¥ãªçš®é¡ã®æ žèåç匟ã§ãã
ãç匟ã¯å®å®ããçºå°ãããä»æ¥ãäžå€®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ããšåŒã°ãããããªãæ¹ã®ææã®ããå°ç¹ã§ççºããŸããããããæµ·ã§ççºãããšããããã¯æ°ŽçŽ ãšã®äºæž¬ã§ããªãèåãçã¿åºãããã®å¹æã¯ç¬è«é¡çš®æãäºæ³ããŠãããããã¯ããã«åŒ·å€§ã§ããã ãã®çµæãèŽåœçãªæŸå°ç·ãæ žèåé žçŽ ã®éå°çæãããŸããŸãªå çŽ ã®èœäžããããŠã以é200幎è¿ãã«ããããæ žã®å¬ããšãªã£ãã®ã§ããã
ãLacertaãèšãã«ã¯ãäºã€ã®ç°æ人皮æã¯å°çäžã«ååšãããé ããå·¡ãäºãããã®äžã§äžæ¹ã®ç¬è«é¡çš®æïŒLacertaã®çš®æãšã¯å¥ã®æã«èµ·æºãæã€ç¬è«é¡ïŒãæ žèåç匟ãäžå€®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§çžè£ãããçµæãšããŠä»¥éãå°çäžã¯200幎以äžã«ããããæ žã®å¬ããšãªããçµæãšããŠæç«ã¯çµ¶æ» ãããšèšãã®ã§ãã
ãã¡ãªã¿ã«ãæ žèåç匟ã®çµæã®1ã€ãšããŠãççŒããã»ã¹ã§äœæãããããŸããŸãªå çŽ ãææã®èœäžãããããããã®ææã®1ã€ã¯ã€ãªãžãŠã ã§ããã ããªãæ¹ã®ç§åŠè ã¯ä»æ¥ãæç«ã殺ããå°ææã®è¡çªã®èšŒæ ãšããŠå°å±€ã«ããã€ãªãžãŠã æ¿åºŠãèŠãŠããŸããã
ãçŸåšã®å·šå€§éç³ã®èœäžã«ããæç«çµ¶æ» 説ã®æ ¹æ ãšãªã£ãŠããã€ãªãžãŠã çã®å çŽ ãå°è¡šã§çºèŠãããã®ããLacertaãèšãã«ã¯ãã®å¥ã®ç¬è«é¡çš®æã®èœãšããæ žèåç匟ã®çµæã ãšèšãã®ã§ãããããŠãã®çµæããããããªã³ãç±æ¥ã®å€ãã®ãã¥ãŒããã€ãã¯æ®ºå®³ãããç¬è«é¡çš®æãçç±ã¯äžæã§ããããã®å°çãæšãŠå»ã£ããšããã®ã§ããïŒãã®æšãŠå»ã£ãçç±ã¯æ®çæŸå°ç·ã§ã¯ãªãããšãLacertaãã¡çš®æã¯æ³å®ããŠããããã§ãïŒ
ããããLacertaã®ç¬è«é¡çš®æã¯ããã®æ§ãªæŽå²çãªäºãã©ã®æ§ã«ç¥ãäºãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ãããããå®ã¯ä»ãã16,000幎åã«ã圌ãçš®æã®èå€åŠè ãå米倧éžãããã¡ã¢ãªã»ãã¬ãŒãããçºèŠããäºã§ããã®æç«çµ¶æ» ã®äºå®ãç¥ãäºãåºæ¥ããšèšãã®ã§ãã
ããã®ãã¡ã¢ãªãã¬ãŒãããšã¯çŽåŸãçŽ47ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«çšã®åç€ã§ã圌ãã«ãšã£ãŠæªç¥ã®ç©è³ªã§ããç£æ§ææã§åºæ¥ãŠãããã®ã ãšèšããŸãããã®ãã¬ãŒãã®å åŽã«ã¯ãçµæ¶ã®ååæ§é ã§ã³ãŒãåãããèšå€§ãªéã®æ å ±ãå«ãçµæ¶ãã¬ãŒããå«ãŸããŠããããã§ãã圌ãã®ç§åŠè ã¯ããã®ãã¬ãŒãã«ãã£ãããŒã¿ã®è§£æãè¡ã£ããšãããããã«ã¯çŽ6500äžå¹Žåã«ååšãããäž¡æ¹ã®çš®æã®è©³çŽ°ãªèª¬æïŒç¹ã«ããããªã³çš®æã«é¢ããäºã®è©³çŽ°ïŒãšãæ žèåç匟ãå«ãåºæ¥äºãšæŠåšã®è©³çŽ°ããããšå°çäžã«åœæç¹æ®ããŠããç¥çãªç¬è«é¡ç¥å çš®ã®äºããä»ã®åæ€ç©ã®æ å ±ããã£ããšèšãã®ã§ããæããããããªã³çš®æã®è¢«çè ã補é ãããã®ã ã£ãæ§ã§ãããçºèŠãããæã«ã¯å®å šã«ç¡å·ã§ãã£ãããã§ãã
3-2ïŒæç«çµ¶æ» åŸã®æŽå²ã«ã€ããŠ
ã圌ãçš®æã¯èªèº«ã®éªšæ ŒãDNAã®éèªã¿ãšãã³ãŒãïŒãšã³ã³ãŒããããçŽ16,000幎åããã®èªçš®æã®ã«ãŒãã«ã€ããŠã¯ææ¡ããŠããããã§ãããŸããã以åã®äºã«ã€ããŠã¯ã圌ãã®äžã®å®æçãªæãã®äžãããèªåéã®æŽå²ã«ã€ããŠç¥èãä¿æããŠãããšLacertaã¯è¿°ã¹ãŸãããããã«ãããšãæç«çµ¶æ» åŸã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®æŽå²ããã£ããšèšãã®ã§ãã
ãããŠããã®æã«ã»ãšãã©ã®æç«ã¯æ»ã«ãŸããïŒãã¹ãŠããã®ççºã§ãšããèš³ã§ã¯ãããŸããããæŠåŸãç¹ã«æ žã®å¬ãšæ§ã ãªå çŽ çã®èœäžã§èµ·ãã£ãäºã§ïŒãã»ãŒãã¹ãŠã®æç«ãšç¬è«é¡ãã20幎以å ã«æ»äº¡ããã®ã§ããããã§ãããã€ããç¹ã«æµ·ã®äžã«å± ããã®ã¯ããã®åŸ200幎ãã300幎ã®éçãæ®ãããšãã§ããŸããããããäžçãå€ãããæ°åãå€åããããããããã®çš®ãæ»ã«çµ¶ããŸããã
ãæ žã®å¬ã¯200幎åŸã«çµãããŸããããå°çäžã¯ä»¥åãããå¯å·åããŠããã®ã§ãããã®æ§ãªå€§å€åã«ãããããããããã€ãã®çš®ã¯åç¶ããããšãã§ããŸãããåç¶ããçš®ïŒéïŒãµã¡ã®ãããªïŒãé³¥ãå°ããªäžæ°å³ãªåºä¹³é¡ïŒããªãã®å ç¥ïŒãã¯ãã®ãããªããŸããŸãªç¬è«é¡...ãããŠæåŸã®å€§ããªåç©ãšäžç·ã«çºéããç¹å¥ãªçš®é¡ã®å°ãããé«åºŠãªæç«ããããŸãã-ç¬è«é¡ã®ãããªå§¿ã§ãããªãããã£ã©ããµãŠã«ã¹ãšåŒã¶çš®ã§ããã
ãæç«çµ¶æ» åŸãåœæã®å°çäžã§ã¯ãæ žã®å¬ãã«ãã£ãŠå€ãã®çç©çš®ãæ»ã«çµ¶ãããšèšããŸãããããŠãã®ãæ žã®å¬ãã¯ãã®åŸ200幎ã«æž¡ãç¶ããããã§ãããããã§ã¯å¹Ÿã€ãã®çç©ã¯çãæ®ã£ãŠãããšèšãã®ã§ããããã¯éã§ããé³¥ã§ãããåºä¹³é¡ãããããã§ãããããŠç¬è«é¡ãšããŠçãæ®ã£ãäžã«ã¯ããã£ã©ããµãŠã«ã¹ãšããçš®ããã£ããšèšãã®ã§ãã
ããã®æ°ããç¬è«é¡ã¯2æ¬ã®è¶³ã§æ©ããŠããŠãã€ã°ã¢ããã³ïŒãã®çš®æã«ç±æ¥ïŒãåçãã姿ã«å°ã䌌ãŠããŸããããããã€ãã®äººåã®ç¹åŸŽãå€åãã骚æ§é ããã倧ããªé è骚ãšè³ããããŠããå°ããªäœåœ¢ïŒé«ãçŽ1.50ã¡ãŒãã«ïŒ ãæã¯ç©ãã€ããããšãã§ãã芪æãå¥ã®çç©ãæ¶åããåšå®ãããªãã®ç®ã®ããã«é ã®çãäžã«ããé«åºŠãªç®ããããŠæãéèŠãªã®ã¯...æ°ãããŠããè¯ãè³æ§é ã§ããã
ããããç§ãã¡ã®çŽæ¥ã®ç¥å ã§ãããå ã®ç匟ããã®æŸå°ç·ãããã®æ°ããåçš®ã®çç©ã®çªç¶å€ç°ã«é¢äžãããšããçè«ããããŸãããããã¯èšŒæãããŠããŸããã
ããã®ãã£ã©ããµãŠã«ã¹ã®çš®ã¯ïŒè¶³æ©è¡ãããããåã®ç¹åŸŽã«å€åãããéªšæ Œæ§é ã®å€åãããããã倧ããªé è骚ãšè³ãåŸãŠãå°ããªäœåœ¢ãžãšé²åãç¶ãããšããã®ã§ããæã§ã¯ã¢ããæŽãäºãåºæ¥ãæ§ã«ãªããèé£ããã«é©ããæ¶ååšå®ãå ·ããäœããæ°ããã§ããè¯ãè³æ§é ãžãšé²åãããŸããããããç§ãã¡ã®çŽæ¥ã®ç¥å ã§ãããã
ãLacertaã¯ããã£ã©ããµãŠã«ã¹ãããã®ãã¥ãŒããã€ãã®æ§ãªçš®æãžãšé²åããçºã«ã3,000äžå¹Žã®æéãèŠããäºãæãããŸãããããã¯çŸåšèšãããŠãã人é¡ã®é²åã®æé軞ãšæ¯èŒãããšããšãŠãé·ãæéãå¿ èŠãšããäºã«ãªããŸãããã®äºã«ã€ããŠLacertaã¯ãé²åãããªãã®å Žåã®ããã«äººå·¥çã«èªçºãããªãå Žåãçš®ã¯äžè¬ã«ããªããèãããããé²åããã®ã«é·ãæéãå¿ èŠã§ãããšè¿°ã¹ãæ¬æ¥çç©ã®é²åãšã¯ããã ãã®æéãèŠããäºã ãšèšãã®ã§ãã
3-3ïŒé²åã®æåãã
ãçŽ6500äžå¹Žã®å€§çµ¶æ» ãã3000äžå¹ŽãããŠãã¥ãŒããã€ãåãšãªã£ãç¬è«é¡çš®æã¯ãããããæŽã«2000äžå¹Žã®éãæ§ã ãªçš®æãžãšåå²ããŠé²åãããŠããã®çµæãã®çš®æéã§æ¯é æš©ãå·¡ã£ãäºããèµ·ãããšèšããŸãã
ãèªç¶ã¯ç§ãã¡ã«ãšã£ãŠããŸãå奜çã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã27ã®äºçš®ããç§ãã¡ãç¥ãéãã24ã¯åå§æŠäºãšé²åã§çµ¶æ» ããŸããããªããªãã圌ãã®çç©ãšããŠã®å¿ã¯ãçãæ®ãã®ã«ååã«çºéããŠããããïŒäž»ãªçç±ãšããŠïŒ æ°åãå€åããå Žåãæ£ããæ¹æ³ã§è¡æ¶²æž©åºŠãå€ããããšãã§ããŸããã§ãããã
ããããŠä»ããçŽ1000äžå¹Žåã®æ代ããã®æåããããŠ27çš®é¡ã®äºçš®ã«ãŸã§åºãã£ãç¬è«é¡çš®æã¯3çš®é¡ãŸã§æ·æ±°ãããããšèšããŸãããã®æ®µéã§é«åºŠãªæè¡åããã£ãç¬è«é¡çš®ãšã圌ããèšãä»ã®äžçåç©ãå°çã«ã¯ååšããŠãããšèšãã®ã§ãã
ãèªç¶ããã³äººå·¥ã®äº€é ã«ãããããã3çš®ã¯1ã€ã®ç¬è«é¡çš®ã«çµ±åãããéºäŒåæäœã®çºæã«ãããéºäŒåæ§é å ã®åè£ããããéºäŒåããæé€ãããããšãã§ããŸãããç§ãã¡ã®æŽå²ãšä¿¡å¿µã«ãããšãããã¯ç§ãã¡ã®æåŸã®ç¬è«é¡ã®çš®æïŒä»æ¥ç§ãèŠãŠããããã«ïŒãéºäŒåå·¥åŠã䜿çšããŠäœæãããæã§ãããããã¯çŽ1000äžå¹Žåã®ããšã§ãããç§ãã¡ã®é²åã¯ãã®æç¹ã§ã»ãŒåæ¢ããŸããïŒå®éãä»åŸã®æ代ã«ããããã¥ãŒããã€ãã§åºä¹³é¡ã®ãããªå€èŠ³ã«åããŠããã€ãã®å°ããªå€æŽããããŸããããç§ãã¡ã¯çš®æãåã³äºçš®ã«åããŠããŸãããïŒãã
ããããŠLacertaã®çš®æã¯ã3çš®é¡ã®ç¬è«é¡çš®æãéºäŒåæäœã«ããçŽ1000äžå¹Žåã«ãèªåéã§çµ±åãããšèšãã®ã§ãããããŠåœŒãã®é²åã¯ããã§ã»ãŒæ¢ãŸããŸãããLacertaã¯èšããŸãã
ããã®æ§ã«ãç§ãã¡ã¯ããªãæ¹ãšæ¯èŒããŠãéåžžã«å€ãçš®æãªã®ã§ããç§ãã¡ãæè¡ãçºæãããã®å€ªéœç³»ã®ä»ã®ææãæ€æ°å°åãããã®ææã«å€§éœåžã建èšãïŒæ代ã®çè·¡ãªãã«å§¿ãæ¶ããïŒãç§ãã¡èªèº«ãèšèšããŠããéããã®ææã«å°ããªç¿ã®ãããªåç©ãšããŠæšã ã®äžã§é£ã³åã£ãŠããçš®æã ããªãã®éºäŒåã¯ãŸã åç©ã®éºäŒåãªã®ã§ããã
ãLacertaãèšãã«ã¯ã圌ãçš®æãé«åºŠãªææãæã¡ã倪éœç³»å ã«ã³ãããŒã建èšããŠããæ代ã«ããå°ããªç¿ããšããŠååšããŠããäžçåç©ã«éããªãã£ããšèšãã®ã§ãã